Shift of the reaction equilibrium at high pressure in the continuous synthesis of neuraminic acid
- Jannis A. Reich,
- Miriam Aßmann,
- Kristin Hölting,
- Paul Bubenheim,
- Jürgen Kuballa and
- Andreas Liese
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 567–579, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.59
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Reaction sequence starting from GlcNAc with ManNAc as an intermediate. Pyr is added in the second s...
Figure 2: Enzyme loading after immobilization of the epimerase and aldolase on different carriers.
Figure 3: Evaluation of immobilized epimerase on different carriers with respect to specific activity. Reacti...
Figure 4: Evaluation of immobilized aldolase on different carriers with respect to specific activity. Reactio...
Figure 5: Relative activities in repetitive batch experiments of the immobilized epimerase on polymethacrylat...
Figure 6: Relative activities in repetitive batch experiments of the immobilized aldolase on amino methacryla...
Figure 7: Recycling study of immobilized epimerase and aldolase. Assay conditions: 100 mM Tris, pH 8, 40 °C, ...
Figure 8: Measured reaction rates of the immobilized epimerase. The dashed line is the fit according to the M...
Figure 9: Measured reaction rate of the immobilized epimerase as a function of pyruvate and pressure. Dashed ...
Figure 10: Measured reaction rate (left) and the determined inhibition constant by pyruvate (right) at differe...
Figure 11: Measured kinetics of the aldolase when varying the pyruvate and ManNAc concentration (given in mM) ...
Figure 12: Circular reactor, vessel mixing was achieved with a magnetic stirrer and samples were taken directl...
Figure 13: Aldolase: Change of the equilibrium constant at different pressures. Starting concentrations were v...
Figure 14: Progress curve of the circular reactor with both reactions at varying pressures. Starting condition...
Figure 15: Residence time distributions of the stand-alone system and the reactor integrated into the system. ...
Figure 16: Reactor set-up (left to right): UHPLC pump, heated fixed-bed reactor, capillaries (ID: 25 µm or 50 ...
Coupled chemo(enzymatic) reactions in continuous flow
- Ruslan Yuryev,
- Simon Strompen and
- Andreas Liese
Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2011, 7, 1449–1467, doi:10.3762/bjoc.7.169
Graphical Abstract
Figure 1: Metabolic pathways in a living cell as an example of efficient coupled-reaction processes. A: Subst...
Figure 2: Four generations of biotransformations. I: Single-reaction processes; II: Single-reaction processes...
Scheme 1: Production of L-leucine (3) in a continuously operating enzyme membrane reactor (EMR). E1: L-Leucin...
Scheme 2: Production of D-mandelic acid (5) in a continuously operating enzyme membrane reactor. E1: D-(−)-Ma...
Scheme 3: Simultaneous synthesis of gluconic acid (9) and glutamic acid (8) in a continuously operated membra...
Scheme 4: Production of L-tert-leucine (11) in a continuously operated enzyme membrane reactor equipped with ...
Scheme 5: Continuous oxidation of lactose (12) to lactobionic acid (13) in a dynamic membrane-aerated reactor...
Scheme 6: Production of N-acetylneuraminic acid (17) in a continuously operated enzyme membrane reactor. E1: ...
Scheme 7: Chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of 1-methylcyclohexene (18) in a packed-bed reactor (PBR) containing No...
Scheme 8: Continuous production of (R)-1-phenylethyl propionate (24) by dynamic kinetic resolution of (rac)-1...
Scheme 9: Synthesis of D-xylulose (28) from D,L-serine (26) and D,L-glyceraldehyde (25) in a continuously ope...
Scheme 10: Continuous production of L-alanine (31) from fumarate (29) in a two-stage enzyme membrane reactor. ...
Scheme 11: Continuous synthesis of 1-phenyl-(1S,2S)-propanediol (35) in a cascade of two enzyme membrane react...
Scheme 12: Production of a dipeptide 39 in a cascade of two continuously operated membrane reactors. E1: Carbo...
Scheme 13: Continuous production of GDP-mannose (43) from mannose 1-phosphate (40) in a cascade of two enzyme ...
Scheme 14: Continuous solvent-free chemo-enzymatic synthesis of ethyl (S)-3-(benzylamino)butanoate (48) in a s...
Scheme 15: Continuous chemo-enzymatic synthesis of grossamide (52) in a cascade of packed-bed reactors. E: Per...
Scheme 16: Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of 2-aminophenoxazin-3-one (56) in a cascade of continuously operating pa...
Scheme 17: Continuous conversion of 3-phospho-D-glycerate (57) into D-ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (58) in a casc...
Scheme 18: Continuous hydrolysis of 4-cyanopyridine (59) to isonicotinic acid (61) in a cascade of two packed-...
Scheme 19: Continuous fermentative production of ethanol (64) from hardwood lignocellulose (62) in a stirred-t...
Scheme 20: Production of hydrogen by anaerobic fermentation of glucose (7) using Clostridium acetobutylicum ce...
Scheme 21: Continuous production of (2R,5R)-hexanediol (67) in an enzyme membrane reactor containing whole cel...
Scheme 22: Synthesis of L-phenylalanine (69) in a continuously stirred tank reactor equipped with a hollow-fib...
Scheme 23: Continuous epoxidation of 1,7-octadiene (70) to (R)-7-epoxyoctene (72) by a strain of Pseudomonas o...
Scheme 24: Oxidation of styrene (73) to (S)-styrene oxide (74) in a continuously operated biofilm tube reactor...
Scheme 25: Reduction of estrone (75) to β-estradiol (76) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a cascade of two stirr...
